SINDESMOLOGY

   Our syndesmologic specimens are processed via polymeric embalming. This enables demonstration of all natural movements of the joints, resilience, toughness expandability and elasticity of cartilage and fibrous elements. Most ligaments and muscular tendons are preserved in their natural forms by precise manual preparation, and left in situ. All anatomical topographic features of these specimens are demonstrated.
   The following list includes only typical anatomical specimens commonly used as visual teaching aids in medical schools and colleges of all levels. Complex, custom featured, and specially treated specimens for advanced or specific courses of Human Anatomy, Surgical Topographical Anatomy or Demonstrative Surgery are available upon customer request and specifications.

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Pictures of spesimens you can view in our gallery.

  This page includes:

• General Sindesmology
• Cranial joints
• Torso joints
• Joints of the upper Extremity
• Joints of the lower Extremity

General Sindesmology

	Code	Item description	Remarks
	S-1	Anatomy of cartilaginous joint (amphiartroses)	Frontal section of the pubic symphysis
	S-2	Cyllindrical joint (by the biomechanical function), articulatio trochoidea	Proximal radioulnar joints as an example
	S-3	Hinge joint (by the biomechanical function), articulatio trochlearis	Transverse axis of articulation with one degree of freedom (interphalangeal joint)
	S-4	Concave ellipsoid joint (by the biomechanical function), articulatio ellipsoidea	Articulation of two degrees freedom (radiocarpal joint as an example)
	S-5	Saddle joint (by the biomechanical function), articulatio sellaris	Two degrees of freedom at first (thumb) carpometacarpal joint
	S-6	Condylar joint (by the biomechanical function), articulatio bicondylaris	Knee joint
	S-7	Spherical joint (by the biomechanical function), articulatio spheroidea	Glenohumeral joint as an example. Photo
	S-8	Ball-and-socket joint (by the biomechanical function), articulatio spheroidea	Hip joints as an example (3 degrees of freedom)
	S-9	Flat joint (by the biomechanical function), articulatio plana	Intervertebral joints as an example
	S-10	Composite joint (by the biomechanical function), articulatio composita	Elbow as a combination of the humeroradial joint (ball-and-pivot, two degrees of freedom) and the humeroulnar joint (hinge, one degree of freedom)
	S-11	Combined joint (by the biomechanical function), articulatio combinatoria	Gliding pivot of the radioulnar joint (one degree of freedom)
	OS/S	Gross-specimen. Human skeleton with all joints	see also Osteology

 

Cranial joints

	Code	Item description	Remarks
	SC-1	Atlanto-occipital and atlantoaxial joints	Photo
	SC-2	Temporomandibular joint	One of the joint capsules are dissected for demonstration purposes
	SC-3	Skull’s joints of adult	All joints of skull
	SC-4	Skull’s joints of a newborn child	Its goal is to demonstrate fontanelles

 

Torso joints

	Code	Item description	Remarks
	ST-1	Joints of free vertebrae	Its goal is to demonstrate all vertebral joints
	ST-2	Intervertebral disc	Horizontal section
	ST-3	Interspinous, supraspinous, and intertransverse ligaments
	ST-4	Yellow vertebral ligament (Ligamentum flavum)
	ST-5	Sacrococcygeal joint
	ST-6	Articulations of ribs and thoracic vertebrae
	ST-7	Chondro-sternal, chondro-xiphoid, and interchondral articulations	Part of the joints and sternum are dissected for demonstration
	ST-8	All torso joints (ribcage and thoracic part of the vertebral column)	Photo

 

Joints of Upper Extremity

	Code	Item description	Remarks
	SUE-1	Sternoclavicular joint
	SUE-2	Glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joints	Photo
	SUE-3	Elbow joint	Photo
	SUE-4	Forearm joints
	SUE-5	Radiocarpal, distal radioulnar, midcarpal joints and all palmar joints	All joints of distal forearm, wrist and palm. Photo

 

Joints of Lower Extremity

	Code	Item description	Remarks
	SLE-1	Connections of pelvic bones and major pelvic ligaments	A coaxal bone as a fusion of ilium, ischium, and pubis; acetabulum structure, sacroiliac joint, pubic symphysis, tail bone joint; sacrospinous, sacrotuberous, and sacroiliac ligaments
	SLE-2	Sacroiliac and hip joints	Central pelvic section (midsagittal). Photo
	SLE-3A	Knee joint
	SLE-3B	Open knee joint	The joint capsule is removed
	SLE-4	Joints of the leg
	SLE-5	Complete distal leg and foot joints	Photo